《HP官方资料翻译集（物品篇）》霁随心

85、纯血统

　　【Pottermore中关于纯血统（Pure-Blood）的内容】
　　（翻译微改自哈原吧《★Pottermore罗琳背景素材专贴★》）

　　“纯血统”一词，指不含麻瓜（非魔法人类）血统的家族或个人。这种观念通常与霍格沃茨魔法学校创始人之一萨拉查·斯莱特林有关，他本人十分反感去教授任何有麻瓜血统者，而这最终导致了他与其他三位创始人的决裂，以及他辞职离校。
　　莱特林对于血统出身的歧视，在当时被大多数巫师认为是不同寻常的和颇具误导性的的观点。现当代文学作品表明，麻瓜出身者不仅可以被接受，并且时常被认为是天赋异禀。他们逐渐有了个更亲切的名字“麻伯（Magbobs）”（关于该词的起源曾有过激烈的争议，但似乎更有可能是因为他们的魔法就那样凭空“冒了出来（bobbed up）”。）
　　1692年，随着《国际巫师保密法》的生效，魔法界的观点逐渐发生了转变，因为当时巫师社会因遭受麻瓜们的迫害而自愿转入隐居生活。这段时期对男女巫师们是个重创，而同麻瓜通婚率也跌到了有史以来最低点，主要是因为他们担心通婚会不可避免地导致被发现，并因此而严重违反了巫师界的法律。*
　　在如此不确定、恐慌和怨恨的氛围中，纯血统论得到了很多人的拥护。一般来说，接受该观点的人同时也极力反对《国际巫师保密法》，并主张对麻瓜公开宣战。现在，越来越多的巫师宣扬与麻瓜通婚不仅有可能违反新《保密法》，而且也是不体面、不自然的，还会“玷污”了魔法血统的纯洁。**
　　鉴于麻瓜-巫师联姻在几个世纪以来已十分普遍，如今那些自称纯血统的人不可能比其他人占有更高的巫师血统比例。一个人自称是纯血，与其说是其生物遗传学上的事实，倒不如更精确来说，是其政治或社会意图的一种宣扬（“我不会与一个麻瓜结婚，我认为麻瓜-巫师联姻应当受到谴责”）。
　　一些出版于18世纪早期的不靠谱的学术作品，部分引用了萨拉查·斯莱特林本人的著作为依据，提出了所谓的除家谱图以外的纯血统身分的指标。其中列举出的最常见的标志有以下几点：三岁前开始显露出魔法能力，早期（七岁前）骑飞天扫帚的突出实力，不喜欢或害怕猪以及养它们的人（猪通常被认为是一种特殊的非魔法动物，且极难给它们施魔法），对于儿童常见病有着抵抗力，外貌上姿色出众有魅力，以及据说只要有麻瓜在场，纯血统的即便是婴儿也会表露出对他们的恐惧和厌恶的情绪。
　　神秘事物司所做的几项研究证明，上述所谓的纯血统身分指标并无事实基础。然而，许多纯血统论者依旧以其为依据证明自己在魔法界拥有更高的身份地位。

　　在20世纪30年代早期，一部《纯血统目录》在英国匿名出版，该书依据其未知名作者***的权威判定，列出了28个真正意义上的纯血统家族，旨在“帮助这些家族保存其血统的纯洁性”。所谓的“神圣二□□姓氏”包含有以下家族（代表人物是我自己加的，原文没有）：

　　1、Abbott（艾博）代表人物：汉娜·艾博（哈利同学）
　　2、Avery（埃弗里）代表人物：食死徒埃弗里
　　3、Black（布莱克）代表人物：小天狼星·布莱克
　　4、Bulstrode（伯斯德）代表人物：维奥莱塔·伯斯德（小天狼星的曾祖母）
　　5、Burke（博克）代表人物：博金·博克
　　6、Carrow（卡罗）代表人物：食死徒卡罗兄妹
　　7、Crouch（克劳奇）代表人物：巴蒂·克劳奇
　　8、Fawley（弗利）代表人物：赫克托·弗利（格林德沃时期的英国魔法部部长）
　　9、Flint（弗林特）代表人物：马库斯·弗林特（斯莱特林魁地奇队长）
　　10、Gaunt（冈特）代表人物：梅洛普·冈特（伏地魔的母亲）
　　11、Greengrass（格林格拉斯）代表人物：阿斯托利亚·格林格拉斯（德拉科的妻子）
　　12、Lestrange（莱斯特兰奇）代表人物：罗道夫斯·莱斯特兰奇（贝拉特里克斯的丈夫）
　　13、Longbottom（隆巴顿）代表人物：纳威·隆巴顿（哈利同学）
　　14、Macmillan（麦克米兰）代表人物：厄尼·麦克米兰（哈利同学）
　　15、Malfoy（马尔福）代表人物：德拉科·马尔福（哈利同学）
　　16、Nott（诺特）代表人物：西奥多·诺特（哈利同学）
　　17、Ollivander（奥利凡德）代表人物：加里克·奥利凡德
　　18、Parkinson（帕金森）代表人物：潘西·帕金森（哈利同学）
　　19、Prewett（普威特）代表人物：吉德翁&费比安·普威特（凤凰社成员）
　　20、Rosier（罗齐尔）代表人物：食死徒埃文·罗齐尔
　　21、Rowle（罗尔）代表人物：食死徒多尔芬·罗尔
　　22、Selwyn（塞尔温）代表人物：食死徒塞尔温
　　23、Shacklebolt（沙克尔）代表人物：金斯莱·沙克尔
　　24、Shafiq（沙菲克）代表人物：暂无
　　25、Slughorn（斯拉格霍恩）代表人物：霍拉斯·斯拉格霍恩
　　26、Travers（特拉弗斯）代表人物：食死徒特拉弗斯
　　27、Weasley（韦斯莱）代表人物：罗恩·韦斯莱
　　28、Yaxley（亚克斯利）代表人物：食死徒亚克斯利

　　其中少数家族为自己被列入名单而公开表示遗憾，他们声称自己的祖先肯定有麻瓜血统，且并不以此为耻。最激愤的声音来自于数量众多的韦斯莱家族，尽管他们与英国几乎所有的古老巫师家族都有姻亲关系，但他们以自己祖先同许多有趣的麻瓜建立了联系而骄傲。然而他们的抗议使其家族受到了纯血统论拥护者的谴责，并被贴上“纯血统叛徒”的绰号。与此同时，更多的家族却在抗议他们未被列入该纯血统名单中。

　　* 在随后的几十年甚至几个世纪中，通婚数量又逐渐攀升到了当今的正常水平，而这并未导致隐藏的魔法社会被大规模发现。《平凡的哲学：为什么麻瓜们不想知道》一书的作者莫迪库斯·艾格教授指出，恋爱中的麻瓜们通常不会背叛自己丈夫或妻子，而失恋的麻瓜一旦声明自己断了关系的伴侣是个巫师或女巫的话，则会被其社交圈所嘲笑。
　　** 事实上，相反的情况才是真的。那些始终坚持在极小的巫师社交圈内通婚的家族，似乎会出现精神与身体上的不稳定和缺陷。
　　*** 被广泛认为是坎坦克鲁斯·诺特（Cantankerus Nott）

作者有话说

　　Pure-Blood
By J.K. Rowling

The term 'pure-blood' refers to a family or individual without Muggle (non-magic) blood. The concept is generally associated with Salazar Slytherin, one of the four founders of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, whose aversion to teaching anybody of Muggle parentage eventually led to a breach with his three fellow founders, and his resignation from the school.
Slytherin's discrimination on the basis of parentage was considered an unusual and misguided view by the majority of wizards at the time. Contemporary literature suggests that Muggle-borns were not only accepted, but often considered to be particularly gifted. They went by the affectionate name of 'Magbobs' (there has been much debate about the origin of the term, but it seems most likely to be that in such a case, magic 'bobbed up' out of nowhere).
Magical opinion underwent something of a shift after the International Statute of Secrecy became effective in 1692, when the magical community went into voluntary hiding following persecution by Muggles. This was a traumatic time for witches and wizards, and marriages with Muggles dropped to their lowest level ever known, mainly because of fears that intermarriage would lead inevitably to discovery, and, consequently, to a serious infraction of wizarding law.*
Under such conditions of uncertainty, fear and resentment, the pure-blood doctrine began to gain followers. As a general rule, those who adopted it were also those who had most strenuously opposed the International Statute of Secrecy, advocating instead outright war on the Muggles. Increasing numbers of wizards now preached that marriage with a Muggle did not merely risk a possible breach of the new Statute, but that it was shameful, unnatural and would lead to 'contamination' of magical blood.**
As Muggle/wizard marriage had been common for centuries, those now self-describing as pure-bloods were unlikely to have any higher proportion of wizarding ancestors than those who did not. To call oneself a pure-blood was more accurately a declaration of political or social intent ('I will not marry a Muggle and I consider Muggle/wizard marriage reprehensible') than a statement of biological fact.
Several works of dubious scholarship, published around the early eighteenth century and drawing partly on the writings of Salazar Slytherin himself, make reference to supposed indicators of pure-blood status, aside from the family tree. The most commonly cited signs were: onset of magical ability before the age of three, early (before aged seven) prowess on a broomstick, dislike or fear of pigs and those who tend them (the pig is often considered a particularly non-magical animal and is notoriously difficult to charm), resistance to common childhood illnesses, outstanding physical attractiveness and an aversion to Muggles observable even in the pure-blood baby, which supposedly shows signs of fear and disgust in their presence.
Successive studies produced by the Department of Mysteries have proven that these supposed hallmarks of pure-blood status have no basis in fact. Nevertheless, many pure-bloods continue to cite them as evidence of their own higher status within the wizarding community.
In the early 1930s, a 'Pure-Blood Directory' was published anonymously in Britain, which listed the twenty-eight truly pure-blood families, as judged by the unknown authority who had written the book***, with 'the aim of helping such families maintain the purity of their bloodlines'. The so-called 'Sacred Twenty-Eight' comprised the families of:
Abbott
Avery
Black
Bulstrode
Burke
Carrow
Crouch
Fawley
Flint
Gaunt
Greengrass
Lestrange
Longbottom
Macmillan
Malfoy
Nott
Ollivander
Parkinson
Prewett
Rosier
Rowle
Selwyn
Shacklebolt
Shafiq
Slughorn
Travers
Weasley
Yaxley
A minority of these families publicly deplored their inclusion on the list, declaring that their ancestors certainly included Muggles, a fact of which they were not ashamed. Most vocally indignant was the numerous Weasley family, which, in spite of its connections with almost every old wizarding family in Britain, was proud of its ancestral ties to many interesting Muggles. Their protests earned these families the opprobrium of advocates of the pure-blood doctrine, and the epithet 'blood traitor'. Meanwhile, a larger number of families were protesting that they were not on the pure-blood list.
* Over subsequent decades and centuries, the number of mixed marriages began to climb again until the healthy levels of today, and this has not led to widespread discovery of the hidden magical community. Professor Mordicus Egg, author of The Philosophy of the Mundane: Why the Muggles Prefer Not to Know, points out that Muggles in love generally do not betray their husbands or wives, and Muggles who fall out of love are jeered at by their own community when they assert that their estranged partner is a witch or wizard.
** In fact, the reverse appears to be true. Where families adhered consistently to the practice of marrying within a very small group of fellow witches and wizards, mental and physical instability and weakness seems to result.
*** Widely believed to be Cantankerus Nott.